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b3a4a.htf
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1997-03-31
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B3A4a
Coordinate and Noncoordinate Modifiers
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Coordinate modifiers are separated by commas;
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noncoordinate modifiers are not.
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Coordinate adjectives:
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Coordinate adjectives (two or
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more adjectives) equally and separately modify a word or
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phrase. To find out if adjectives are coordinate, insert
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and
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between them and listen to how the sentence sounds or
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reverse the order of the adjectives and see if the meaning is
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the same. If the sentence still works, then the adjectives are
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coordinate adjectives:
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She was a loyal, conscientious person.
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Test:
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She was a loyal
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and
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conscientious person. She
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was a conscientious, loyal person.
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Use a comma between coordinate adjectives.
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Noncoordinate adjectives:
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Noncoordinate adjectives
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do not equally modify the noun.
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Adjectives are noncoordinate when one adjective modifies
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the noun plus the adjective immediately preceding the noun.
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In the phrase "the first spring flower,"
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first
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and
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spring
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do not
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modify
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flower
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in the same way.
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First
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modifies the combined
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phrase, "spring flower." (We are not describing the first
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flower or the first spring but the first flower of spring.) Other
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examples follow.
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big orange cat
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(
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big
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modifies orange cat)
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chewy oatmeal cookies
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(
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chewy
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modifies oatmeal cookies)
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excellent football player
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(
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excellent
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modifies football player)
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Use the test for coordinate adjectives to recognize
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noncoordinate adjectives. If you make the test changes and
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the sentence changes meaning, then the adjectives are
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noncoordinate.
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"big orange cat":
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big
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and
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orange cat; orange big cat
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(meaning has changed)
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"chewy oatmeal cookies":
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chewy
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and
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oatmeal
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cookies;
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oatmeal chewy cookies
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(meaning has changed)
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"excellent football player":
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excellent
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and
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football
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player; football excellent
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player (meaning has
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changed)
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The tests show that the first adjective is modifying the noun
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plus the adjective immediately preceding the noun.
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Use no punctuation between noncoordinate adjectives.
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